not to be conquered

ἀκατά-ληπτος, ον,

A that cannot be reached or touched, Arist.Pr. 921b23;

τί ἐστι φίλος; ἄνθρωπος ἀ. Secund.Sent.11

. Adv. - τως Sch.Il.17.75.

II not to be conquered, J.BJ3.7.7; defying suppression, τὸ ἀ. τῆς γοητείας Vett. Val.238.25.

2 Philos., incomprehensible, Phld.Acad.Ind.p.91 M., M.Ant.7.54, S.E.M.7.432; that cannot be grasped, πλῆθος, of the stars, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.168.

3 not comprehending or attaining conviction, φαντασία (opp. καταληπτική, q.v.) Chrysipp.Stoic.2.40, al.: c. gen.,

ἀ. τῶν ὁμοειδῶν Phld.Herc.1457.12

. Adv.

-τως, ἔχειν περί τινος Ph.1.78

; prob. l. in Arr.Epict.2.23.46:—hence [full] ἀκαταληψία, ἡ, inability to comprehend or attain conviction, Sceptic term, attrib. to Stoics by Galen, Stoic.1.17, but to Arcesilaus by Cic.Att. 13.19.3, Numen. ap. Eus.PE14.7, S.E.P.1.1.

νικάω (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; PsSol 4:10; TestJob 27:5; Test12Patr, Philo, Joseph., Just., Tat.; Ath. 3, 2) ptc. νικῶν, dat. νικῶντι or νικοῦντι (so some edd. Rv 2:17, in part also vs. 7; on this exchange of-άω and-έω forms s. B-D-F §90; W-S. §13, 26; Rob. 203; s. Mlt-H. 195); fut. νικήσω; 1 aor. ἐνίκησα; pf. νενίκηκα. Pass.: 1 fut. inf. νικηθήσεσθαι (Just., D. 78, 9); 1 aor. ἐνικήθην LXX, ptc. νικηθείς; pf. inf. νενικῆσθαι 4 Macc 13:2.

① to win in the face of obstacles, be victor, conquer, overcome, prevail, intr.

ⓐ in a battle or contest (EpArist 281); of Israel as victorious in battle 12:2 (cp. Ex 17:11); of Christ Rv 3:21b; 5:5 (the foll. inf. ἀνοῖξαι indicates what the victory enables the victor to do). ἐξῆλθεν νικῶν κ. ἵνα νικήσῃ 6:2. Of the good athlete (Lucian, Tim. 50; POxy 1759, 4 letter to an athlete) IPol 3:1. The Christian as ὁ νικῶν the one who is victorious (s. B-D-F §322; Rob. 865) Rv 2:7, 11, 17, 26; 3:5, 12, 21; 21:7 (s. Boll 49, 1). οἱ νικῶντες ἐκ τοῦ θηρίου (=τηρήσαντες ἑαυτοὺς ἐκ τ. θ.—B-D-F §212; GBonaccorsi, Primi saggi di filologia neotest. I ’33 p. clxii) 15:2.—Hs 8, 3, 6 v.l.

ⓑ in a legal action (Aristoph., Equ. 95, Av. 445; 447; Protagoras in Diog. L. 9, 56 [νικάω and νίκη]; Artem. 1, 35 p. 36, 20; 4, 31 p. 222, 17 al.; PSI 551, 7 [III B.C.] ἐνίκων τῇ κρίσει; PHal 1, 51; 58 [III B.C.]; Jos., Bell. 2, 284, Ant. 12, 126) ὅπως … και νικήσεις (v.l. νικήσῃς) ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε that you may win when you are accused Ro 3:4; 1 Cl 18:4 (both Ps 50:6.—IG XI/4, 1299, 26f [c. 200 B.C.] Sarapis and his worshipers win in a lawsuit over a new temple [Eng. tr. in Danker, Benefactor, no. 27]).

② to overcome someone, vanquish, overcome, trans.

ⓐ act. w. the obj. in the acc. τινά overcome someone (Polyb. 6, 58, 13; Diod S 4, 57, 6; Jos., Vi. 81) Lk 11:22; Rv 11:7; 13:7; 17:14. Of Christ νενίκηκα τὸν κόσμον I have overcome the world (i.e. the sum total of everything opposed to God; s. κόσμος 7b) J 16:33b (ν. τι=‘be stronger than’: IAndros Isis, Kyme 55 p. 124). Also said of Christians 1J 5:4f; cp. αὕτη ἐστιν ἡ νίκη ἡ νικήσασα τὸν κόσμον vs. 4b (s. νίκη). Also ν. τὸν πονηρόν overcome the evil one, the devil 2:13f (on this passage and J 16:33b s. JBruns, JBL 86, ’67, 451–53); cp. Rv 12:11. αὐτόν (=τὸν διάβολον) Hs 8, 3, 6. αὐτούς (=τοὺς ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου) 1J 4:4. ν. τὴν ψυχήν win a victory over the soul (i.e. the earthly-minded part of man; cp. Sextus 71a νίκα τὸ σῶμα) 2 Cl 16:2. The conquering power added in the dat.: by (means of) ἔν τινι (Pla., Symp. 213e; Himerius, Or. [Ecl.] 3, 11 ἐν δόγμασι νικῶν ἐκείνους): ἐν τῷ μὴ ποιεῖν τὰς ἐπιθυμίας αὐτῆς τὰς πονηράς by not carrying out its base desires 2 Cl 16:2. ν. ἐν τῷ ἀγαθῷ τὸ κακόν overcome evil with good Ro 12:21b (TestBenj 4:3 οὗτος τὸ ἀγαθὸν ποιῶν νικᾷ τὸ κακόν).

ⓑ pass. be conquered, beaten (Thu. 1, 76, 2 al.; Posidippus [III B.C.]: 447 Fgm. 2 Jac. νικᾶται ὁ Κύπριος τῷ σχήματι=the Cyprian is ‘conquered’ by the picture [of Aphrodite] et al.; Philo, De Jos. 200 νικώμενος ὑπὸ πάθους; Jos., Ant. 1, 302 by the force of necessity; Tat. 9, 2 ὁ νικώμενος νῦν εἰσαῦτις ἐπικρατεῖν εἴωθεν; Theoph. Ant. 2, 12 [p. 130, 30] θεὸν γὰρ οὐ χρὴ ὑφʼ ἡδονῆς νικᾶσθαι) Hm 12, 5, 2. ὁ πονηρὸς … νικηθείς AcPlCor 2:15. Let oneself be overcome μὴ νικῶ ὑπὸ τ. κακοῦ Ro 12:21a; Dg 7:7.

③ to surpass in ability, outstrip, excel, trans. w. the superior power added in the dat. (cp. Eur., Herc. Fur. 342 ἀρετῇ; Ael. Aristid. 13 p. 272 D.: ἐπιεικείᾳ; Tat. 15:4 θανάτῳ … τὸν θάνατον νενικήκασιν) τοῖς ἰδίοις βίοις νικῶσι τ. νόμους in their way of life they surpass (or outdo) the laws (i.e., they live better lives than the laws require) Dg 5:10.—DELG s.v. νίκη. M-M. TW.

νῑκάω, [dialect] Ion. [full] νικέω Democr.249, Herod.1.51, also GDI1413.16 (Aetol.), SIG265.4 (Delph., iv B.C.), v.l. in Apoc.2.7; [dialect] Aeol. [full] νίκημι Theoc.7.40, AP7.743 (Antip.); also in [tense] impf. νίκη cj. in Pi.N.5.5, cf. Theoc.6.46: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf. [ per.] 1pl.

A

νικάσκομεν Od.11.512

: [tense] fut. -ήσω, later

- ήσομαι Hierocl.Facet.205

; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 2sg. νικαξῇ v.l. in Theoc.21.32: [tense] pf. νενίκηκα, etc.: ([etym.] νίκη):

I abs., conquer, prevail in battle, in the games, or in any contest, Il.3.439, etc.; ὁ νικήσας the conqueror, ib. 138, X.Smp.5.9, etc.; ὁ νικηθείς the conquered, Il.23.656, 663; ἐνίκησα καὶ δεύτερος καὶ τέταρτος ἐγενόμην I won the first prize [at Olympia], etc., Th.6.16, cf. Isoc.16.33: [tense] pres.freq. in sense, to be (or be proclaimed) conqueror, Pi.O.9.112, 13.30, cf. X.Cyr.8.2.27, An.2.1.1; νικᾶν πᾶσι τοῖς κριταῖς or ἑνὶ κριτῇ in their opinion, Ar.Av. 445, 447; πολὺ ν. win a decisive victory, Th.7.34, etc.;

τὰ πάντα ν. X.An.

l.c.: freq. c. dat. modi, πυγμῇ in boxing, Il.23.669;

ναυμαχίῃ Hdt.7.10

.β';

ἵππῳ Id.6.122

;

μάχῃ E.Ph. 1143

, etc.;

ἵππῳ ἢ συνωρίδι ἢ ζεύγει Pl.Ap. 36d

;

λαμπάδι And.4.42

, etc.: c. acc. cogn. in same sense, πάντα ἐνίκα he won all the bouts, Il.4.389, 5.807; τὰ κοῦφα, τὰ μείζοναν., E.Alc. 1029, 1031;

τῶν παλαισμάτων ἓν ν. Pl.Phdr. 256b

;

ἅρμα ν. Pi.I.4(3).25

;

παγκράτιον Th.5.49

; ναυμαχίαν, μάχας, Id.7.66, Isoc.12.257, etc.: freq. ν. Ὀλύμπια to be conqueror in the Olympian games, Th.1.126;

τὠλύμπια Timocl.8.17

;

τὰ Παναθήναια Pl. Ion 530b

;

ν. Ὀλυμπιάδα Hdt.9.33

(also

ν. Ὀλυμπίασιν Pl.Ap. 36d

;

ἐν Πυθίοισι Pi.N.2.9

): c. dat. et acc.,

τὰ Πύθια τῷ τεθρίππῳ ν. D.59.33

; πολλοὺς ἀγῶνας οὐ παγκρατίῳ μόνον, κτλ., Plu.2.811d; Ὀλυμπίασι παῖδας στάδιον ν. conquer in the boys' race in the stadium at Olympia, D.58.66: c. dupl. acc., Πύθια ν. ἄνδρας Diog.Cyn. ap. D.L.6.33: also in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. c. gen.,

Λεωντὶς ἀνδρῶν ἐνίκα IG2.1291

, al.: generally c. acc. cogn., νίκην ν. win a victory, E.Supp. 1060, Pl.R. 465d, etc. (cf. infr. 11); also ν. τρίποδα win it, Simon.147.

2 prevail, be superior, μύθοισιν, ἔγχεϊ, Il.18.252;

δόλοισι Od.3.121

; κάλλει ἐνίκα (sc. κρητήρ) Il.23.742;

πᾶσαν ἀρετὴν νενικηκώς Pl.Lg. 964c

: c. part.,

εὐεργετῶν ν. X.Ages.9.7

.

3 of opinions, etc., βουλὴ κακὴ νίκησεν the evil counsel prevailed, Od. 10.46;

τὰ χερείονα νικᾷ Il.1.576

, Od.18.404;

ἐνίκα ἡ γνώμη Hdt.5.36

, cf. Th.2.12, etc.;

ἡ νικῶσα βουλή E.Med. 912

; ἐκ τῆς νικώσης [γνώμης] according to the prevailing opinion, vote of the majority, X.An.6.1.18, 6.2.12;

ταῦτ' ἐνίκα S.Ant. 274

;

νικᾷ πάσαισι ταῖς ψήφοις ὁ νόμος

is carried,

Pl.Lg. 801a

;

σὺν ψάφῳ τᾷ νικεούσᾳ SIG265.4

(Delph., iv B.C.): freq. of orators,

νικᾷ.. ὁ κακὸς ἐν πλήθει λέγων E.Or. 944

;

ν. γνώμῃσι Hdt.3.82

(so γνώμῃ, v.l. γνώμην, Id.1.61, cf.Ar.V. 594): freq. impers., ἐνίκα (sc. ἡ γνώμη) it was resolved, c. inf., ἐνίκα μὴ ἐκλιπεῖν τὴν πόλιν it was carried not.., Hdt.6.101;

τέλος γε μέντοι δεῦρ' ἐνίκησεν μολεῖν S.Ant. 233

, etc.; ἐνίκησε.. λοιμὸν εἰρῆσθαι it was the prevailing opinion that.., Th.2.54; ἐν δημοκρατίᾳ νικᾷ ζῆν it is preferable.., Pl.Plt. 303b.

4 c. inf., succeed in..,

ἐνίκησε σκορπίσαι Psalm.Solom.4.13

.

5 as law-term, ν. τὴν δίκην win one's cause, E.El. 955, cf. Ar.V. 581; simply

νικᾶν GDI5011.11

([place name] Gortyn), Arist.Ath.42.1, Rh.Al. 1433a6, PHal.1.58 (iii B.C.), etc.;

νικήσεις ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε Ep.Rom.3.4

:—[voice] Pass., c. gen.,

αἴ κα νικαθῇ τῶν ἐνεχύρων Schwyzer 177.9

(Crete, v B.C.); v. infr. 11.

II c. acc., conquer, vanquish,

Ἕκτορα Il.7.192

, etc.: freq. c. dat. modi,

μάχῃ ν. Ἀχαιούς 16.79

;

ἀγορῇ ν. υἷας Ἀχαιῶν 2.370

;

πόδεσσι δὲ πάντας ἐνίκα 20.410

;

κάλλει ἐνίκων φῦλα γυναικῶν 9.130

; πάντα ν. ἄνδρα.. κακοῖσιν surpass him in miseries, E.Hec. 659;

ν. τινὰ ἔν τινι Pl.Smp. 213e

, etc.; μὴ φῦναι τὸν ἅπαντα νικᾷ λόγον excels the whole account, S.OC 1224 (lyr.);

νίκα ἐν τῷ ἀγαθῷ τὸ κακόν Ep.Rom.12.21

: c. acc. cogn.,

μάχην ν. τινά Isoc. 8.58

, Aeschin.3.181, etc.:—[voice] Pass.,

ἔστιν ἃ τῶν ἄθλων δὶς ἕκαστος ἐνικήθη X.HG4.5.2

: c. part.,

ν. ἀλεξόμενός τινα Id.An.1.9.11

, etc.

b as law-term (cf. 1.5),

νίκης τήν μιν ἐγὼ νίκησα Od.11.545

:—[voice] Pass.,

ἧ δέ κα νικαθῇ Leg.Gort.1.23

, al.; also of objects in dispute, damages, etc., recover, ib.1.28, al.:—[voice] Pass., to be assigned, adjudicated, ib.1.55.

2 generally, overpower, esp. of passions, etc.,

νόον νίκησε νεοίη Il.23.604

;

μὴ φόβος σὲ νικάτω φρένας A.Eu.88

, cf. 133;

[φύσις] νικᾷ τῷ ἥσσονι τὸ μεῖζον τῆς ἐλπίδος Democr.176

; βαρεῖαν ἡδονὴν νικᾶτέ με grievous is the pleasure ye win prevailing over me, S.OC 1204: c. inf., μηδ' ἡ βία σε.. νικησάτω τοσόνδε μισεῖν let not violence prevail on thee to.., Id.Aj. 1334: with gen. of comparison, νικᾷ γὰρ ἁρετή με τῆς ἔχθρας πολύ weighs with me more than enmity, from the compar. force in νικᾷ, ib. 1357 codd.

3 [voice] Pass., to be vanquished, Hom. only in part. νικηθείς (v. supr. 1.1); νικᾶσθαι ὕπνῳ, κέρδεσιν, A.Ag. 291, 342;

ἡδονῇ S.El. 1272

;

συμφορᾷ E.Med. 1195

; also

ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ Th.2.51

;

πρὸς ἱμέρου S.Fr.932.4

, etc.: sts. c. gen.,

ἱμέρου νικώμενος A.Supp. 1005

;

αὐτῆς <τε> τῆς δίκης.. αὐτοῦ τε τοῦ ἀληθοῦς νικᾶσθαι Antipho 5.87

: freq. of persons, νικᾶσθαί τινος, with gen. of comparison, to be inferior, yield to, S.Aj. 1353, E.Med. 315, Cyc. 454; ξείνων νενίκανται θύραι the doors give way to the guests, Pi.N.9.2;

ἢν τοῦτο νικηθῇς ἐμοῦ Ar.Nu. 1087

.

πατέω fut. πατήσω; 1 aor. ἐπάτησα LXX. Pass. fut. 3 sg. πατηθήσεται (TestZeb); aor. ἐπατήθην (Hom. et al.; pap, LXX; En 1:4; TestLevi 18:12; TestZeb 9:8 v.l.; JosAs 23:8 [cod. A for ἐπάταξε]; AscIs 3:3; Philo, Just.) tread (on) w. feet.

① to set foot on, tread, walk, trans.

ⓐ tread τὶ someth. (Herodas 8, 74) τὴν ληνόν (s. ληνός) Rv 19:15; pass. 14:20. Of a stone ὁ πατούμενος what is trodden under foot Dg 2:2.

ⓑ set foot on, tread of a place (Aeschyl. et al.; LXX) τὴν αὐλήν the court B 2:5 (Is 1:12). τὸ ἁγνευτήριον Ox 840 12; τὸ ἱερόν ibid. 17; 20.

② to tread heavily with feet, with implication of destructive intent, trample, trans.

ⓐ tread on, trample (Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 31, 193) of the undisciplined swarming of a victorious army through a conquered city. Its heedlessness, which acknowledges no limits, causes π. to take on the sense ‘mistreat, abuse’ (so πατέω in Plut., Tim. 14, 2; Lucian, Lexiph. 10 al.; Philo, In Flacc. 65) and ‘tread contemptuously under foot’ (s. 2b; in Heliod. 4, 19, 8 π. πόλιν actually means plunder a city). τὴν πόλιν πατήσουσιν Rv 11:2; pass. (Jos., Bell. 4, 171 πατούμενα τὰ ἅγια) Lk 21:24 (ὑπὸ ἐθνῶν).

ⓑ fig. ext. of a: trample in contempt or disdain (Il. 4, 157 ὅρκια; Soph., Aj. 1335, Antig. 745 al.; Herodian 8, 5, 9; Jos., Bell. 4, 258 τ. νόμους) τὸ τῆς αἰσχύνης ἔνδυμα πατεῖν despise (=throw away w. disdain) the garment of shame (s. αἰσχύνη 1) GEg 252, 57.

③ move on foot, walk, tread (not in the sense of ‘taking a walk’) (since Pind., P. 2, 85 ἄλλʼ ἄλλοτε πατέων ὁδοῖς σκολιαῖς, of one who moves against an opponent like a fox, stepping now here and now there, in no straight line) with implication that the experience is not planned, intr. πατεῖν ἐπάνω ὄφεων Lk 10:19 (ἐπάνω 1b and cp. TestLevi 18:12.—Diod S 3, 50, 2f speaks of the danger of death in πατεῖν on ὄφεις).—DELG. M-M. TW.

τρῐάζω ([tense] pres. only in compd. ἀπο-), [tense] aor.

A

ἐτρίασα Theo Sm.

, Iamb. (v. infr.), and [full] τρῐάσσω, EM765.37, [dialect] Att. [full] τριάττω Zonar.:—conquer, vanquish, properly of a wrestler, who did not win until he had thrice thrown his adversary, or conquered him in three bouts ([etym.] παλαίσματα)

, τριαχθῆναι Thugen.1

, cf. Suid. (Hence τριακτήρ, ἀτρίακτος, ἀποτριάζω.)

II multiply by three, Theo Sm.p.29 H., Iamb.in Nic. p.60 P.

ἀφικνέομαι, [dialect] Ion. [pref] ἀπ- Hdt.2.28, al.: [tense] impf.

A

ἀφικνεῖτο Th.3.33

: [tense] fut.

ἀφίξομαι Il.18.270

, etc., [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 2sg.

ἀπίξεαι Hdt.2.29

, [ per.] 3sg.

ἀπίξεται Theoc.29.13

: [tense] pf.

ἀφῖγμαι Od.6.297

, [dialect] Att. [ per.] 2sg.

ἀφῖξαι A.Pr. 305

, [ per.] 3sg.

ἀφῖκται S.OC 794

: [tense] plpf. ἀφῖκτο ib. 1590, [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl.

ἀπίκατο Hdt.8.6

: [tense] aor.

ἀφῑκόμην Il.18.395

, etc.; inf. ἀφικέσθαι; [dialect] Dor. imper.

ἀφίκευσο Theoc.11.42

: [tense] aor. 1 part.

ἀφιξάμενος Epigr.Gr.981.9

([place name] Philae):—arrive at, come to, reach: Constr., in Hom., Pi., and Trag. mostly c. acc. loci, Il.13.645, Pi.P.5.29, A.Pers.15, etc.;

ὅνδε δόμονδε Hes.Sc.38

: in Hom. also c. acc. pers., μνηστῆρας ἀ. came up to them, Od.1.332, cf. 11.122, etc.; ὅτε μ' ἄλγος ἀφίκετο came to me, Il.18.395; similarly, τοῦτον νῦν ἀφίκεσθε come up to this throw ! Od.8.202; freq. also with Preps., ἀ. ἐς .. Il.24.431, Od.4.255, etc.; less freq. ἐπί .. Il.10.281, 22.208; still more rarely κατά.., ποτί .., 13.329, Od.6.297;

ἀ. πρὸς τέλος γόων S.OC 1622

;

ἐπὶ τῶν νήσων X.HG5.1.2

;

ἄχρι τοῦ μὴ πεινῆν ἀ. Id.Smp.4.37

;

θανάτου τοῦτ' ἐγγυτάτω τοὔπος ἀφῖκται S.Ant. 934

;

παρά τινος ἀ. Id.OT 935

, etc.: abs., arrive,

ὁπποίης ἐπὶ νηὸς ἀφίκεο Od.1.171

;

ὅταν ἀ. ὥρη Thgn.723

;

σῖτος ἀφικνούμενος D.20.31

;

ὁ ἀφικνούμενος

the stranger, newcomer,

IG12.118.11

:—Phrases:

1 ἀ. ἐπὶ or εἰς πάντα, to try every means, S.OT 265, E.Hipp. 284;

ἀ. ἐς πᾶσαν βάσανον Hdt.8.110

;

ἐς διάπειράν τινος ἀ. Id.2.28

, 77;

ἐπὶ τὸ τέμνειν μῦς ἀ. Gal.2.230

.

2 come into a certain condition,

ἀ. ἐς πᾶν κακοῦ Hdt.7.118

;

ἐς ἀπορίην πολλήν Id.1.79

; ἐς τοσοῦτο τύχης, ἐς τοῦτο δυστυχίας, come into such a.., ib. 124, Th.7.86; ἐς ὀλίγον ἀ. νικηθῆναι come within little of being conquered, Id 4.129; εἰς τὸ ἴσον ἀ. τινί attain equality with.., X.Cyr.1.4.5;

εἰς ὀργήν Men.Pk. 44

; ellipt., ἐς ἄνδρ' ἀφίκου reachedst man's estate, E. Ion 322.

3 of intercourse with others, ἀ. τινὶ ἐς λόγους hold converse with one, Hdt.2.28; ἐς ἔχθεα, ἐς ἔριν ἀ. τινί, Id.3.82, E.IA 319; διὰ μάχης, δι' ἔχθρας ἀ. τινί, Hdt.1.169, E.Hipp. 1164;

διὰ λόγων ἐμαυτῇ Id.Med. 872

.

b less freq. c. dat. pers., ἀ. τινί come at his call, Pi.O.9.67, Hdt.5.24, Th.4.85.

4 εἰς τόξευμα ἀ. come within shot, X.Cyr. 1.4.23, etc.

5 of things, ἐς ὀξὺ ἀ. dub. l. for ἀπηγμένα, -μένας in Hdt.2.28, 7.64;

ὁ λόγος εἰς ταὐτὸν ἀ. Arist.EN 1097a24

, cf. 1167a12, al.

II the sense of return is sts. implied in the context, but is not inherent in the word, as Od.10.420, Pi.P.8.54, E.El.6, Pl. Chrm. 153a.

ὑπείκ-ω, [dialect] Ep. [full] ὑποείκω, with [tense] impf. ὑπόεικον, Il.16.305: [tense] fut.

A

ὑπείξω A.Ag. 1362

, S.OT 625, D.15.24;

ὑπείξομαι Il.1.294

, Od.12.117; [dialect] Ep. also

ὑποείξομαι Il.23.602

: [tense] aor. 1

ὑπεῖξα X.An.7.7.31

; [dialect] Ep.

ὑπόειξα Il.15.227

: cf. ὑπεικαθεῖν:—retire, withdraw, depart, c. gen. loci, νεῶν from the ships, Il.16.305; ὑ. τινὶ ἕδρης retire from one's seat for another, make room for him, Od.16.42; ὑ. τοῦ ἀρχαίου λόγου draw back from.., Hdt.7.160; ὑ. τινὶ λόγων (cj. Valck. for λόγῳ) give one the first word, allow him to speak first, X.Mem.2.3.16;

πολίταις ὁδῶν καὶ θάκων καὶ λόγων ὑπείκειν Id.Cyr.8.7.10

.

2 yield, give way,

ὑ. τινί Id.An.7.7.31

: abs., of a seaman,

ὅστις.. πόδα τείνας ὑπείκει μηδέν S.Ant. 716

; of things, Il.20.266;

ὅσα δένδρων ὑ. S.Ant. 713

;

ὑ. ὑγρὰ οὖσα ἡ κνήμη X.Eq.7.6

;

ὑ. αἱ δάπιδες

are soft and yielding,

Id.Cyr.8.8.16

; ἐν ὑπείκοντι in a yielding substance, Arist.PA 694b15;

πρὸς ἀντιπῖπτον.. καὶ οὐ πρὸς ὑπεῖκον Id.Pr. 961b4

;

καθ' ἅπερ ἂν ὑπείκῃ Gal.2.711

; τὸ ὑπεῖκον, = οἱ ὑπείκοντες, E.IT 327.

3 c. acc., πάροιθε νεμεσσηθεὶς ὑπόειξε χεῖρας ἐμάς he scaped my hands, Il.15.227.

II metaph., yield, give way, comply, ib. 211;

θεοῖσιν ὑπείξεαι ἀθανάτοισι Od.12.117

, cf. Il.23.602;

ἀλλ' ἤτοι μὲν ταῦθ' ὑποείξομεν ἀλλήλοισι 4.62

; σοὶ πᾶν ἔργον ὑπείξομαι I will give way to thee in.., 1.294: in Trag., [dialect] Att., etc., sts. abs., yield, submit, S.Aj. 371, OT 625, Th.1.127, Pl. Ap. 32a, Ep.Hebr.13.17, etc.: sts. c. dat., submit to, A.Ag. 1362;

τιμαῖς S.Aj. 670

;

γήρᾳ ὑ. E.IA 140

(anap.);

ὑ. θυμουμένοις Pl.Lg. 717d

, cf. R. 336e, etc.;

ἐπιθυμίαις Phld.D.1.25

: c. inf., νῷν ὕπεικε τὸν κασίγνητον μολεῖν concede to us that.., S.OC 1184; ὑ. δαμῆναι submit to be conquered, A.R.4.1676; but ὑ. μὴ πολεμίζειν yield, so as not to.., prob. l. ib. 408 (ὑπείξομαι, -ωμαι codd.).

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `incline (oneself), lean (on), sink, bend'.

Other forms: - ομαι, aor. κλῖναι, κλίνασθαι (Il.), pass. κλιθῆναι (Od.), κλινθῆναι (Il.;; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 404 w. n. 2, Schwyzer 761), also κλινῆναι (Att.; prob. for *κλι-ῆναι; Schwyzer 760), fut. κλῐνῶ (Att.), perf. midd. κέκλῐμαι (Il.), with κέκλῐκα (Plb.),

Compounds: very often with prefix, e. g. ἀνα-, κατα-, παρα-, ἐν-, ἀπο-,

Derivatives: 1. from the root with δ-suffix: δι-κλί-δ-ες f. `double leaning, two-winged' (s. v.), ἐγκλίς ἡ καγκελλωτη θύρα (EM); παρα-, ἐγ-κλιδόν `turning aside, inclining' (Od.). 2. From a prefixed present with ending after the s-stems (Schwyzer 513): κατα-, ἐπι-, ἀπο-, ἐκ-, συγ-κλινής etc. `inclined away, slant etc.' (Hp., A.) with ἐπικλίν-εια (Heliol. Med.), συγκλιν-ίαι pl. (Plu.). 3. compounds with τη-suffix: παρα-, συγ-κλί-της `who lies beside or together at the table' (X.. Plu.), ἐπι-κλίν-της `who inclines to the side' (Arist.). - 4. κλειτύ̄ς (also κλῑτύς after κλί̄νω), ύος f. `slope, hill' (Il.; on the notation Schwyzer 506 w. n. 7). 5. κλεῖτος n. (A. R. 1, 599), κλῐ́τος n. (Lyc., LXX, AP) `slope, side'. - 6. κλίσις, most. in prefixcompp., e. g. ἀνά-, κατά-, ἀπό-κλισις `leaning back etc.' (IA.). - 7. κλίμα n. (with hell. ῐ for ει; Schwyzer 523) `inclination, slope, quarter, land', also ἔγκλι-μα etc. (Arist.), with κλιματίας `inclining' (Herakleit., Amm. Marc.), κλιματικός `belonging to the sone' (Vett. Val.). 8. κλῖμαξ, - ακος f. `trep, ladder, climax etc.' (Od.) with κλιμάκιον (IA.), - ίς (Att. inscr., hell.), κλιμακίσκοι πάλαισμα ποιόν H.; κλιμακίζω `use a grip called κλῖμαξ in the fighting', metaph. `bring down' (Att.); κλιμακωτός (Plb.), - ώδης (Str.) `like a trep'; also κλιμακ-τήρ `rug of a ladder' (IA.), `critical point of a mans life' (Varro) with κλιμακτηρικός, - τηρίζω (Gell., Vett. Val.); on the formation of κλῖμαξ (ῑ analog. for ει [*κλεῖ-μα] from κλί̄νω) Rodriguez Adrados Emerita 16, 133ff.; on κλιμακτήρ Chantraine Formation 327f. - 9. κλισμός `arm-chair' (Ion.Il.) with κλισμίον, - άκιον (inscr., Call.), `inclination, slope' (Arist.). - 10. ἀνά-κλιθρον `back of a chair' (Ptol.). - 11. κλίτα στοαί, κλίταν ( καὶ τάν cod.) στοάν H., prop. `leaning'; from there κλισία, Ion. - ίη `pile-dwelling, shed, chapel; arm-chair, resting-bed, tomb' ( Il.), κλίσιον nearly `annex, stoa' (ω 208, Delos III<sup>a</sup>), also `annex, shed, chapel' (Lys., Paus.); often written κλεισίον (inscr.), also κλεισία f. `tavern' (ep.), perh. through adaptation to κλείω `lock' (diff. Schulze Q. 295 A. 3 and Fraenkel KZ 45, 168); from there κλεισιάδες ( θύραι) `doors of the κλ(ε)ισία, of the κλ(ε)ισίον' (Hdt., Ph., D. H., Plu.); details on κλισίη in Frisk Eranos 41, 59ff., Scheller Oxytonierung 61. - 12. ( ἐγ-, ἐκ-)κλιτικός `inflecting etc.' (gramm.); to ( ἔγ-, ἔκ-)κλισις. - From the present: 13. κλίνη `layer, bed, litter' (IA.; cf. Chantraine Formation 192) with κλινίς, - ίδιον, - ίον, - άριον (Com.), κλίνειος `belonging to a κλίνη' (D.), - ήρης `censorius' (Ph., J.); as 2. member in σύγ-κλινος `bedfellow' (Men.). - 14. κλιντήρ, - ῆρος m. `id.' (Od.) with κλιντήριον, - ίδιον, - ίσκος (Ar.), ἀνακλιν-τήρ `neighbour at table' (Ps.-Callisth.); παρακλίν-τωρ `id.' (AP); ἀνά-, ἐπί-κλιν-τρον `back (leaning) etc.' (Erot. in Poll., Ar., inschr. etc.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [600] *ḱlei- `lean'

Etymology: The yot-presens κλί̄νω \< *κλῐ́ν-ι̯ω, which is a Greek innovation, goes back on an older nasal-presens, seen in several languages but in diff. forms: Lat. clīnāre, Germ., e. g. OS hlinōn, OHG hlinēn \> lehnen, Balt., e. g. Latv. slìe-n-u, slìet, EastLith. šli-n-ù, šliñti `lean', Av. sri-nu-, ptc. sri-ta- `lean', prob. also Arm. li-ni-m, aor. ipv. le-r, `become, be'; the basis was athem. *ḱli-n-ā-mi. Beside this there was in Indo-Iranian and Baltic a thematic root-present, e. g. Skt. śrayati = Lith. (old a. dial.) šlejù `lean'. The originally only presentic nasal has in Latin and Germanic conquered the whole inflexion, but in Greek did not reach the perfect ( κέ-κλι-ται: Skt. śi-śri-y-é), partly also the passive aorist. - The Greek nominal derivations are mostly innovations; note, except ( ἄ)-κλιτος = Skt. śri-tá-, Av. sri-ta- `leaning', κλίσις, formally = Lith. šli-tì-s `shove-shed'; κλίτον = Germ. e. g. OHG lit `cover', NHG Augen- lid; beside it with full grade (as in κλει-τύς) e. g. OWNo. hlīð f. `slope'. As in κλίνη the nasal came in OHG hlina `reclinatorium'. - Several nominal formations in Bq s. v., Pok. 600ff., W.-Hofmann s. clīnō.

Page in Frisk: 1,874-875

πέτρα, ας, ἡ (Hom. [πέτρη as ‘massive stone’ Il. 15, 273; Od. 10, 87f]+; loanw. in rabb.).

① bedrock or massive rock formations, rock as distinguished from stones (s. 2 below)

ⓐ lit., of the rock in which a tomb is hewn (s. λατομέω 1) Mt 27:60; Mk 15:46. The rocks split apart during an earthquake Mt 27:51 (cp. PGM 12, 242). αἱ πέτραι w. τὰ ὄρη (PGM 13, 872; all the elements are in disorder) Rv 6:16; likew. vs. 15, where πέτρα rather takes on the mng. rocky grotto (as Il. 2, 88; 4, 107; Soph., Phil. 16 al.; Judg 15:13; 1 Km 13:6; Is 2:10; Pr 30:26. Cp. Diod S 5, 39, 5 ἐν ταῖς κοίλαις πέτραις καὶ σπηλαίοις). πέτρα rocky ground with a thin layer of topsoil Lk 8:6, 13 (Maximus Tyr. 20, 9g ἐπὶ πετρῶν σπείρεις; Pla., Leg. 8, 838e; Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 302 D.; PSI 433, 6 [260 B.C.] οὐκ ἐφυτεύθη ἐπὶ τῆς πέτρας). It forms a suitable foundation for the building of a house Mt 7:24f; Lk 6:48ab v.l.—Used w. an adj.: of Sinai π. ἔρημος a barren rock B 11:3 (Is 16:1). στερεὰ πέτρα 5:14; 6:3 (both Is 50:7; cp. En 22:1; 26:5; OdeSol 11:5). π. ἰσχυρά 11:5 (Is 33:16). π. ἀκίνητος IPol 1:1.—The rock in the vision of Hermas: Hs 9, 2, 1f; 9, 3, 1; 9, 4, 2; 9, 5, 3; 9, 9, 7; 9, 12, 1 (the interpretation); 9, 13, 5; 9, 14, 4.—The rock at various places in the desert fr. which Moses drew water by striking it (Ex 17:6; Num 20:8ff; Ps 77:15f, 20; Philo, Mos. 1, 210; Jos., Ant. 3, 86; Just., D. 86, 1; Mel.—Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1444–46: Heracles, when thirsty, struck a πέτρη at the suggestion of a divinity, and a great stream of water gushed forth at once). Paul calls it πνευματικὴ πέτρα 1 Cor 10:4a and identifies it w. the preexistent Christ vs. 4b (EEllis, JBL 76, ’57, 53–56; Philo, Leg. All. 2, 86 πέτρα = σοφία, Det. Pot. Ins. 118=λόγος θεῖος).

ⓑ in wordplay (as symbol of firmness Reader, Polemo p. 265) w. the name Πέτρος (GGander, RTP n.s. 29, ’41, 5–29). The apostle so named, or the affirmation he has just made, is the rock on which Christ will build his church (for the figure s. Od. 17, 463: Antinous fails to shake Odysseus, who stands firm as rock.—Arrian, Anab. 4, 18, 4ff; 4, 21, 1ff; 4, 28, 1ff πέτρα is a rocky district [so also Antig. Car. 165] as the foundation of an impregnable position or a rocky fortress; 4, 28, 1; 2 this kind of πέτρα could not be conquered even by Heracles.—Diod S 19, 95, 2 and 4; 19, 96, 1; 19, 97, 1 and 2; 19, 98, 1 al. ἡ πέτρα [always with the article] is the rock [Petra] that keeps the Nabataeans safe from all enemy attacks; Stephan. Byz. s.v. Στάσις: πόλις ἐπὶ πέτρης μεγάλης of a city that cannot be taken) Mt 16:18 (s. ADell, ZNW 15, 1914, 1–49; 17, 1916, 27–32; OImmisch, ibid. 17, 1916, 18–26; Harnack, SBBerlAk 1918, 637–54; 1927, 139–52; RBultmann, ZNW 19, 1920, 165–74, ThBl 20, ’41, 265–79; FKattenbusch, Der Quellort der Kirchenidee: Festgabe für Harnack 1921, 143–72, Der Spruch über Pt. u. d. Kirche bei Mt: StKr 94, 1922, 96–131; SEuringer, D. Locus Classicus des Primates: AEhrhard Festschr. 1922, 141–79; HDieckmann, Die Verfassung der Urkirche 1923; JJeremias, Αγγελος II 1926, 108–17; ECaspar, Primatus Petri 1927; KGoetz, Pt. als Gründer u. Oberhaupt der Kirche 1927; JGeiselmann, D. petrin. Primat (Mt 16:17ff) 1927; BBartmann, ThGl 20, 1928, 1–17; HKoch, Cathedra Petri 1930; TEngert, ‘Tu es Pt’: Ricerche relig. 6, 1930, 222–60; FSeppelt, Gesch. d. Papsttums I ’31, 9–46; JTurmel, La papauté ’33, 101ff; VBurch, JBL 52, ’33, 147–52; JHaller, D. Papsttum I ’34, 1–31; ACotter, CBQ 4, ’42, 304–10; WKümmel, Kirchenbegr. u. Gesch.-bewusstsein in d. Urgem. u. b. Jesus: SymbBUps 1, ’43; OSeitz, JBL 69, ’50, 329–40. OCullmann, TManson mem. vol., ’59, 94–105; OBetz, ZNW 48, ’57, 49–77; cp. 1QH 6:26–28; HClavier, Bultmann Festschr., ’54, 94–107.—OCullmann, TW VI 94–99: πέτρα. S. also the lit. under Πέτρος, end).

② a piece of rock, rock (in an OT quot., where πέτρα is used in parallelism w. λίθος) π. σκανδάλου Ro 9:33; 1 Pt 2:8 (both Is 8:14).—B. 51. DELG. M-M. TW.